Abstract:

Rice germplasm resource is one of the most important bases for breeding. Cold resistance of rice cultivar in Heilongjiang province is a critical characteristic for adapting to cold climate. In this study, the authors evaluated 888 rice germplasm resources for cold tolerance at seedling stage under natural low temperature happened in 2017 of Heilongjiang province, which could provide a good material reference for cold resistant breeding. The results showed that 804 accessions were classed into the high-level tolerance （Grade 1） at seedling stage, accounting for 90.5% of total accessions. Among them, 128 accessions seedling survival rate was 100%, in which Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Jiangsu, Japan, Korea, India has 56, 40, 8, 4, 1, 16, 4, 1 accession, respectively, accounting for 14.6% of total accessions; 40 accessions were classed into Grade 2, accounting for 4.5% of total accessions; 23 accessions were classed into Grade 3, accounting for 2.6% of total accessions; 11 accessions were classed into Grade 4, accounting for 1.2% of total accessions; 5, 3, 2 accessions were classed into Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, accounting for 0.6%, 0.3%, 0.2%, respectively.

Key words:  rice, seedlings, cold tolerance identification, natural condition, germplasm resources

摘要：

黑龙江地处寒地，近年来水稻插秧后“倒春寒”时有发生，给生产造成重大损失。为筛选耐冷性好的水稻资源，给水稻耐冷育种提供基础材料，本文利用2017年黑龙江省5月下旬发生的“倒春寒”（在生产上造成了重大损失），在大田试验条件下鉴定了水稻资源圃888份材料苗期耐冷性。结果表明，耐冷性1级的材料804份，占比90.5%，其中成活率100 %的材料为128份（黑龙江54份、吉林40份、辽宁8份、宁夏4份、江苏1份、日本16份、韩国4份、印度1份），占比14.6%；耐冷性2级的材料40份，占比4.5%；耐冷性3级的材料为23份，占比2.6%；耐冷性4级的材料11份，占比1.2 %；耐冷性5、6、7级的材料分别为5份、3份、2份，占比分别为0.6%、0.3%、0.2%。利用自然低温冷害能够区分不同水稻材料的耐冷性，鉴定了130份苗期极耐冷水稻材料，可以为水稻耐冷育种及研究提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 苗期, 耐冷鉴定, 自然条件, 种质资源